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HTML is the most popular declarative language that specifies the structure and content of a web page. HTML is an abbreviation for Hyper Text Markup Language. Tim Berners-Lee first described his ideas for a richer Web using HTML tags in 1991.
When you download a web page from the Internet using a web browser, the layout engine built into the browser reads the HTML mark-up of the web page and uses the declarations to determine how the document (the web page) is structured.
Content
1 Structure of a document (web page)
2 HTML tags and declarations
3 What HTML is and is not for
3.1 Adding style to HTML pages
4 Example HTML markup
Structure of a document (web page)
If you are familiar with a major word processor, such as Microsoft Word or Apple Pages, you will already be familiar with the term 'document style' or 'document structure'.Just like you would have a document title and headings in your word processing page, an HTML web page also has similar sections and definitions; a title, headings, paragraphs, numbered lists and so on.
HTML tags and declarations
If you (the web page designer) wanted to specify a primary heading ("Heading 1"), you would use the <h1> tag:<h1>This is a primary heading.</h1>
<p>This is some paragraph text</p>
<h2>This is a secondary heading.</h2>
...In this example, <h1> is an opening tag, </h1> is the closing tag and the text in the middle is the text content of the heading. There are many tags available.
HTML is called a declarative language because the web page designer declares the structure of the web page document using HTML tags. The declaration of the web page structure isn't flexible (when using HTML alone); it is defined by the designer, parsed by the web browser and then displayed to the page visitor.
It is possible to dynamically manipulate the structure of a HTML document using JavaScript.
What HTML is and is not for
Good web development practice dictates that style should be completely separated from structure. This means that where possible, the designer should avoid using HTML for the sole purposes of specifying a web page's cosmetic features. HTML should largely be used to define the structure of the page.Having said this, there are presentational tags in HTML, such as <b> for bold, <i> for italic and <s> for strike through text. Use of these presentational tags is perfectly acceptable.
Through defining the structure of a document using HTML, content meaning can also be conveyed using these presentational HTML tags. Intuitively, <s> (strike through text) indicates that the text is no longer applicable, or has been replaced with something else.
What is considered bad web development practice is making use of legacy HTML tags, such as <font color="red">Red text</font> to define text's cosmetic properties. These HTML tags are valid and exist only to support old web pages (pages designed before CSS gained popularity and traction).
Adding style to HTML pages
Where HTML describes the structure of a web page document (i.e. what text is a heading, what text should be emphasised, what text forms part of a list, etc.), CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) are used to define how parts of a web page (a 'part' being defined in HTML) should be styled.Example HTML markup
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Page title, appears in the browser title bar</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Primary document heading</h1>
<h2>A secondary heading</h2>
<p>Some paragraph text</p>
<h2>Another secondary heading</h2>
<p>A second paragraph, with <b>something bold!</b>.</p>
</body>
</html>Source : http://www.webhostingtalk.com/ permetted republishing here.
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